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El sucesor de Windows Vista fue Windows 7 , que fue lanzado mundialmente el 22 de octubre de Viene incorporado en las versiones Home Premium y Ultimate.
Por medio del centro de multimedios los usuarios pueden acceder al contenido de sus computadores desde la pantalla de su televisor y controlar el audio y video del mismo por medio de un control remoto del tipo que se usa para controlar los televisores, video caseteras y otro aparatos de este tipo. No se incluye en las ediciones Home Basic ni Starter. Viene incluido en las ediciones a partir de Home Premium. Es el nuevo reproductor multimedios de Windows.
Esta, junto con Avalon e Indigo, son los pilares de Windows Vista. Service Pack lanzado el 28 de abril de y disponible en Windows Update desde el 26 de mayo de Otra debilidad encontrada ha sido un fallo en el sistema de reconocimiento de voz conocida como shout hacking. Las quejas principales se debieron al alto consumo de recursos del sistema operativo, que fueron consideradas excesivas para conseguir un buen funcionamiento. Otras de ellas se debieron a la inestabilidad del sistema, la falta de compatibilidad con hardware, los altos precios y mayor lentitud al ejecutar programas y hacer tareas relacionadas con Windows XP.
Finalmente, este fue sobrepasado en julio de por Windows 7. Si se adquiere licencia por volumen el precio se reduce. De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre. Sitio web oficial. Consultado el 8 de noviembre de Consultado el 8 de octubre de Consultado el 1 de agosto de Windows Vista». The Verge. ISSN X. Archivado desde el original el 8 de octubre de Consultado el 7 de octubre de Incubaweb - software y web 2. Consultado el 22 de enero de Archivado desde el original el 21 de marzo de Consultado el 25 de mayo de Archivado desde el original el 15 de junio de Consultado el 18 de mayo de Consultado el 25 de junio de Consultado el 13 de marzo de Vistas Leer Editar Ver historial.
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Microsoft Windows Vista Ultimate. Predecesor: Windows XP.
Vista ultimate upgrade windows 8 free.Windows Vista Ultimate x64 ISO
There are a number of security and safety features new to Windows Vista , most of which are not available in any prior Microsoft Windows operating system release. Beginning in early with Microsoft's announcement of its Trustworthy Computing initiative, a great deal of work has gone into making Windows Vista a more secure operating system than its predecessors. Internally, Microsoft adopted a " Security Development Lifecycle " [1] with the underlying ethos of "Secure by design, secure by default, secure in deployment".
New code for Windows Vista was developed with the SDL methodology, and all existing code was reviewed and refactored to improve security. Some specific areas where Windows Vista introduces new security and safety mechanisms include User Account Control, parental controls, Network Access Protection , a built-in anti- malware tool, and new digital content protection mechanisms.
User Account Control is a new infrastructure that requires user consent before allowing any action that requires administrative privileges. With this feature, all users, including users with administrative privileges, run in a standard user mode by default, since most applications do not require higher privileges. When some action is attempted that needs administrative privileges, such as installing new software or changing system or security settings, Windows will prompt the user whether to allow the action or not.
If the user chooses to allow, the process initiating the action is elevated to a higher privilege context to continue. While standard users need to enter a username and password of an administrative account to get a process elevated Over-the-shoulder Credentials , an administrator can choose to be prompted just for consent or ask for credentials. If the user doesn't click Yes, after 30 seconds the prompt is denied. UAC asks for credentials in a Secure Desktop mode, where the entire screen is faded out and temporarily disabled, to present only the elevation UI.
This is to prevent spoofing of the UI or the mouse by the application requesting elevation. If the application requesting elevation does not have focus before the switch to Secure Desktop occurs, then its taskbar icon blinks, and when focussed, the elevation UI is presented however, it is not possible to prevent a malicious application from silently obtaining the focus.
Since the Secure Desktop allows only highest privilege System applications to run, no user mode application can present its dialog boxes on that desktop, so any prompt for elevation consent can be safely assumed to be genuine.
Additionally, this can also help protect against shatter attacks , which intercept Windows inter-process messages to run malicious code or spoof the user interface, by preventing unauthorized processes from sending messages to high privilege processes. Any process that wants to send a message to a high privilege process must get itself elevated to the higher privilege context, via UAC.
Applications written with the assumption that the user will be running with administrator privileges experienced problems in earlier versions of Windows when run from limited user accounts, often because they attempted to write to machine-wide or system directories such as Program Files or registry keys notably HKLM [2] UAC attempts to alleviate this using File and Registry Virtualization , which redirects writes and subsequent reads to a per-user location within the user's profile.
BitLocker, formerly known as "Secure Startup", this feature offers full disk encryption for the system volume. Using the command-line utility, it is possible to encrypt additional volumes.
It ensures that the computer running Windows Vista starts in a known-good state, and it also protects data from unauthorized access. There are also new Group Policies to require smart cards for EFS, enforce page file encryption, stipulate minimum key lengths for EFS, enforce encryption of the user's Documents folder , and prohibit self-signed certificates. The EFS encryption key cache can be cleared when a user locks his workstation or after a certain time limit.
The EFS rekeying wizard allows the user to choose a certificate for EFS and to select and migrate existing files that will use the newly chosen certificate. Certificate Manager also allows users to export their EFS recovery certificates and private keys. Users are reminded to back up their EFS keys upon first use through a balloon notification. The rekeying wizard can also be used to migrate users in existing installations from software certificates to smart cards. The wizard can also be used by an administrator or users themselves in recovery situations.
This method is more efficient than decrypting and reencrypting files. Windows Vista significantly improves the firewall [7] to address a number of concerns around the flexibility of Windows Firewall in a corporate environment:. Windows Vista includes Windows Defender, Microsoft's anti-spyware utility. According to Microsoft, it was renamed from 'Microsoft AntiSpyware' because it not only features scanning of the system for spyware, similar to other free products on the market, but also includes Real Time Security agents that monitor several common areas of Windows for changes which may be caused by spyware.
These areas include Internet Explorer configuration and downloads, auto-start applications, system configuration settings, and add-ons to Windows such as Windows Shell extensions. Windows Defender also includes the ability to remove ActiveX applications that are installed and block startup programs. It also incorporates the SpyNet network, which allows users to communicate with Microsoft, send what they consider is spyware, and check which applications are acceptable.
Windows Vista allow administrators to enforce hardware restrictions via Group Policy to prevent users from installing devices, to restrict device installation to a predefined white list, or to restrict access to removable media and classes of devices.
Windows Vista includes a range of parental controls for administrators to monitor and restrict computer activity of standard user accounts that are not part of a domain ; User Account Control enforces administrative restrictions. Features include: Windows Vista Web Filter —implemented as a Winsock LSP filter to function across all Web browsers—which prohibits access to websites based on categories of content or specific addresses with an option to block all file downloads ; Time Limits , which prevents standard users from logging in during a date or time specified by an administrator and which locks restricted accounts that are already logged in during such times ; Game Restrictions , which allows administrators to block games based on names, contents, or ratings defined by a video game content rating system such as the Entertainment Software Rating Board ESRB , with content restrictions taking precedence over rating restrictions e.
Windows Parental Controls includes an extensible set of options, with application programming interfaces APIs for developers to replace bundled features with their own. For such executables, the stack and heap allocated is randomly decided. By loading system files at random addresses, it becomes harder for malicious code to know where privileged system functions are located, thereby making it unlikely for them to predictably use them. This helps prevent most remote execution attacks by preventing return-to-libc buffer overflow attacks.
The Portable Executable format has been updated to support embedding of exception handler address in the header. Whenever an exception is thrown, the address of the handler is verified with the one stored in the executable header.
If they match, the exception is handled, otherwise it indicates that the run-time stack has been compromised, and hence the process is terminated. Function pointers are obfuscated by XOR-ing with a random number, so that the actual address pointed to is hard to retrieve.
So would be to manually change a pointer, as the obfuscation key used for the pointer would be very hard to retrieve. Thus, it is made hard for any unauthorized user of the function pointer to be able to actually use it. Also metadata for heap blocks are XOR-ed with random numbers. In addition, check-sums for heap blocks are maintained, which is used to detect unauthorized changes and heap corruption.
Whenever a heap corruption is detected, the application is killed to prevent successful completion of the exploit. Windows Vista binaries include intrinsic support for detection of stack-overflow. When a stack overflow in Windows Vista binaries is detected, the process is killed so that it cannot be used to carry on the exploit.
Also Windows Vista binaries place buffers higher in memory and non buffers, like pointers and supplied parameters, in lower memory area. So to actually exploit, a buffer underrun is needed to gain access to those locations.
However, buffer underruns are much less common than buffer overruns. Windows Vista introduces Mandatory Integrity Control to set integrity levels for processes. A low integrity process can not access the resources of a higher integrity process.
This feature is being used to enforce application isolation, where applications in a medium integrity level, such as all applications running in the standard user context can not hook into system level processes which run in high integrity level, such as administrator mode applications but can hook onto lower integrity processes like Windows Internet Explorer 7 or 8.
A lower privilege process cannot perform a window handle validation of higher process privilege, cannot SendMessage or PostMessage to higher privilege application windows, cannot use thread hooks to attach to a higher privilege process, cannot use Journal hooks to monitor a higher privilege process and cannot perform DLL—injection to a higher privilege process. If the processor supports the NX-bit, Windows Vista automatically enforces hardware-based Data Execution Prevention on all processes to mark some memory pages as non-executable data segments like the heap and stack , and subsequently any data is prevented from being interpreted and executed as code.
This prevents exploit code from being injected as data and then executed. If DEP is enabled for all applications , users gain additional resistance against zero-day exploits. Therefore, DEP is not enforced for all applications by default in bit versions of Windows and is only turned on for critical system components. However, Windows Vista introduces additional NX policy controls that allow software developers to enable NX hardware protection for their code, independent of system-wide compatibility enforcement settings.
Developers can mark their applications as NX-compliant when built, which allows protection to be enforced when that application is installed and runs. This enables a higher percentage of NX-protected code in the software ecosystem on bit platforms, where the default system compatibility policy for NX is configured to protect only operating system components.
For x applications, backward compatibility is not an issue and therefore DEP is enforced by default for all bit programs. New digital rights management and content-protection features have been introduced in Windows Vista to help digital content providers and corporations protect their data from being copied. The inclusion of new digital rights management features has been a source of criticism of Windows Vista.
Windows Service Hardening compartmentalizes the services such that if one service is compromised, it cannot easily attack other services on the system. It prevents Windows services from doing operations on file systems, registry or networks [14] which they are not supposed to, thereby reducing the overall attack surface on the system and preventing entry of malware by exploiting system services. Services are now assigned a per-service Security identifier SID , which allows controlling access to the service as per the access specified by the security identifier.
EXE command with the sidtype verb. Services can also use access control lists ACL to prevent external access to resources private to itself.
Services in Windows Vista also run in a less privileged account such as Local Service or Network Service , instead of the System account. Previous versions of Windows ran system services in the same login session as the locally logged-in user Session 0. In Windows Vista, Session 0 is now reserved for these services, and all interactive logins are done in other sessions.
Services also need explicit write permissions to write to resources, on a per-service basis. By using a write-restricted access token , only those resources which have to be modified by a service are given write access, so trying to modify any other resource fails.
Services will also have pre-configured firewall policy, which gives it only as much privilege as is needed for it to function properly.
Independent software vendors can also use Windows Service Hardening to harden their own services. Windows Vista also hardens the named pipes used by RPC servers to prevent other processes from being able to hijack them. Graphical identification and authentication GINA , used for secure authentication and interactive logon has been replaced by Credential Providers. Combined with supporting hardware, Credential Providers can extend the operating system to enable users to log on through biometric devices fingerprint, retinal, or voice recognition , passwords, PINs and smart card certificates, or any custom authentication package and schema third-party developers wish to create.
Smart card authentication is flexible as certificate requirements are relaxed. Enterprises may develop, deploy, and optionally enforce custom authentication mechanisms for all domain users. Credential Providers are also designed to support application-specific credential gathering, and may be used for authentication to network resources, joining machines to a domain, or to provide administrator consent for User Account Control. Authentication is also supported using IPv6 or Web services.
Windows Vista can authenticate user accounts using Smart Cards or a combination of passwords and Smart Cards Two-factor authentication. Windows Vista can also use smart cards to store EFS keys. This makes sure that encrypted files are accessible only as long as the smart card is physically available. If smart cards are used for logon, EFS operates in a single sign-on mode, where it uses the logon smart card for file encryption without further prompting for the PIN. Fast User Switching which was limited to workgroup computers on Windows XP, can now also be enabled for computers joined to a domain, starting with Windows Vista.
It also integrates with the smart card subsystem by including a Base CSP module which implements all the standard backend cryptographic functions that developers and smart card manufacturers need, so that they do not have to write complex CSPs. Certificate enrollment is wizard-based, allows users to input data during enrollment and provides clear information on failed enrollments and expired certificates.
Credential roaming capabilities replicate Active Directory key pairs, certificates and credentials stored in Stored user names and passwords within the network. The Remove Properties and Personal Information feature allows users to remove metadata from files before sharing them to protect their privacy. It supports a small number of file formats and the removal of a limited number of properties.
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